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@#Introduction: High fat diet (HFD) can cause lipid accumulation and contribute to various metabolic disorders. Single clove garlic oil (SCGO) has advantages over regular garlic due to its higher amounts of organosulfide compounds in particular. This study aimed to determine the ability of SCGO extract to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and improve oxidative status by modulating expression of tumour necrosis factor α and superoxide dismutase in mice fed a HFD. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Balb/C mice were divided into six groups: i) normal diet; ii) positive control diet; iii) negative control diet; and iv) HFD with SCGO at 12.5 mg/kg body weight (mg/kg BW); v) HFD with SCGO at 25 mg/kg BW, vi) HFD with SCGO at 50 mg/kg BW. Liver weight and morphology, spleen weight, serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), TNF-α expression in the aorta and lipid profiles were assessed at the end of the experimental period. Results: SCGO treatment was associated with significant decreases in liver and spleen weight as well as amelioration of hepatic steatosis. SCGO treatment also decreased TNF-α levels and expression. Serum levels of SOD in the SCGO groups were significantly increased compared with the negative control group. Lipid profiles were improved in the SCGO treatment groups compared with the negative control group. Conclusion: SCGO as an herbal medicine could be an effective treatment for degenerative disorders caused by HFD.
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Single garlic has been used as a traditional medicine for hypercholesterolemia and increasing stamina. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of single-bulb garlic oil (SGO) extract toward hematology and histopathology liver and kidney in mice. Male mice (strain Balb-C, 12 weeks old, weight of 28±3 g) was treated by SGO for 28 days (once per days) with various doses K- (Normal); K+ (SGO 0.0 mg/kg BW); T1 (SGO 6.25 mg/kg BW); T2 (SGO 12.5 mg/kg BW); T3 (SGO 25.0 mg/kg BW); T4 (SGO 50.0 mg/kg BW). The end of the treated mice was sacrificed. Blood was collected to analyze hematology. Liver and kidney were collected then made microanatomy slide with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Parameters of hematology are the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, and number of leukocytes. Histopathology of liver and kidney determine by cell necrosis. The result of the research showed that SGO increased the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes but there is no effect on the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Histopathology on liver and kidney showed there is no effect in necrosis. The conclusion is the single-bulb garlic oil extract safe if consumed continuously
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Animals , Male , Mice , Medulla Oblongata/anatomy & histology , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Garlic/adverse effects , Kidney , Liver , Hematology/classificationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of garlic oil. METHODS:Using extraction rate of garlic oil as index,based on single factor test,Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize conditions of steam distillation method for the extraction of garlic as fermentation time,solid to liquid ratio,fermentation temperature and the verification test were made for the optimized technology. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology was as follows as fermentation time of 4.5 h,solid to liquid ratio of 1:7,fermentation temperature of 55 ℃. The average extraction rate of garlic oil in verification test was 0.32%(RSD=1.43%,n=3);the relative error between the measured value and predicted value was 0.06%. CONCLUSIONS:Box-Behnken response surface method is simple,reasonable and feasible to optimize the extraction technology of garlic oil,which can provide a scientific basis for industrial production.
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OBJECTIVE@#To assess the effect potency, and the immunomodulatory response of garlic oil extract in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) in mice at different stages of worm maturation.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 male CD-1 Swiss albino mice were divided into 7 groups. Group I: healthy control. Group II: garlic oil group orally administrating 100 mg garlic oil extract/kg b.wt. 3 d a week for 6 weeks. Group III: infected with S. mansoni cercariae and left untreated for 42 d. Group IV: treated with garlic oil extract from day 1 to day 7 post infection (PI). Group V: treated with garlic oil extract from day 14 till day 21 PI. Group VI: administrating garlic oil extract from day 35 until day 42 PI. Group VII received oil extract from the first day of infection for 42 d.@*RESULTS@#Garlic oil extract showed changes in the parasite tegument with a significant decrease in worm burden, hepatic and intestinal ova count with a decline in granuloma number and diameter. These alterations were accompanied with a reduction in serum TNF α, ICAM-1, IgG and IgM after 7 and 42 d post S. mansoni cercarial infection.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Results obtained confirmed the effect of garlic oil extract on the larval and mature stage of the parasite and in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by S. mansoni in mice.
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Objective: To assess the effect potency, and the immunomodulatory response of garlic oil extract in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by Schistosoma mansoni ( S. mansoni) in mice at different stages of worm maturation. Methods: A total of 70 male CD-1 Swiss albino mice were divided into 7 groups. Group I: healthy control. Group II: garlic oil group orally administrating 100 mg garlic oil extract/kg b.wt. 3 d a week for 6 weeks. Group III: infected with S. mansoni cercariae and left untreated for 42 d. Group IV: treated with garlic oil extract from day 1 to day 7 post infection (PI). Group V: treated with garlic oil extract from day 14 till day 21 PI. Group VI: administrating garlic oil extract from day 35 until day 42 PI. Group VII received oil extract from the first day of infection for 42 d. Results: Garlic oil extract showed changes in the parasite tegument with a significant decrease in worm burden, hepatic and intestinal ova count with a decline in granuloma number and diameter. These alterations were accompanied with a reduction in serum TNF α, ICAM-1, IgG and IgM after 7 and 42 d post S. mansoni cercarial infection. Conclusions: Results obtained confirmed the effect of garlic oil extract on the larval and mature stage of the parasite and in enhancing the host's immune system against the disorders caused by S. mansoni in mice.
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Avaliaram-se a eficácia do óleo de alho e da terapia tripla (amoxicilina, metronidazol e omeprazol) no tratamento de 21 cães infectados por Helicobacter spp., que apresentavam alterações histológicas nas biopsias endoscópicas da mucosa gástrica e reação positiva ao teste de urease. Os animais foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em três grupos de sete cães, os quais receberam os seguintes tratamentos: grupo 1 - cápsulas vazias; grupo 2 - 500mg de óleo de alho em cápsulas, diariamente, por um período de 30 dias; grupo 3 - amoxicilina, metronidazol e omeprazol, respectivamente, nas doses de 20mg/kg a cada 12 horas, 25mg/kg e 20mg/kg a cada 24 horas, durante 15 dias. Ao final dos tratamentos, os cães foram submetidos à endoscopia com realização de biopsias da mucosa gástrica. O tratamento com amoxicilina, metronidazol e omeprazol resultou em erradicação de Helicobacter spp. tanto na região fúndica quanto na pilórica. No grupo 2, houve redução da degeneração glandular na região fúndica em dois animais e em outros dois na pilórica. O tratamento com óleo de alho não foi eficaz em erradicar Helicobacter spp., apenas reduziu a sua colonização em quatro dos animais tratados.
The efficacy of garlic oil and triple therapy (amoxicillin, metronidazole, and omeprazol) were evaluated in the treatment of 21 dogs infected by Helicobacter spp., which presented histological alterations of the gastric mucosa according to endoscopic biopsies and positive reaction to urease test. The animals were randomly distributed into three groups of seven dogs each, and received the following treatment, group 1 - empty capsules; group 2 - 500mg of garlic oil capsules daily for a period of 30 days; and group 3 - amoxicillin, metronidazole, and omeprazol, in doses of 20mg/kg every 12 hours, 25mg/kg and 20mg/kg every 24 hours, respectively, for 15 days. By the end of the treatment, the dogs were subjected to new endoscopic procedure with gastric mucosa biopsies. Treatment with amoxicillin, metronidazole, and omeprazol resulted in eradication of Helicobacter spp. both in fundic and pyloric regions. The garlic oil treatment reduced glandular degeneration in the fundic region in two animals and in the pylorus region in two other animals, and it was inefficient in eradicating Helicobacter spp. in dogs as it only reduced the colonization in some of the treated animals.
Subject(s)
Animals , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Dogs , Garlic , Helicobacter/isolation & purification , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Oils , Omeprazole/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To establish a determination method of Allicin in Garlic oil Sustained-release Tablets. Method Diamonsil C18 column was used with a mobile phase of mathanol-water-formic acid (80∶20∶0.1). The detective wavelength was at 218 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Column temperature was at 25 ℃. Results Allicin showed a good linear relationship at the range of 0.05～0.25 ?g (r=0.999 9). The average recovery rate was 99.5% (RSD=1.7%). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, highly sensitive and reproducible. It can be used for the quantitative determination of Allicin in Garlic oil Sustained-release Tablets.
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Objective To optimize the formulation of the Garlic oil ?-CD sustained-release tablet. Methods The preparation formulation of the sustained-release tablet was optimized by orthogonal design which took the released rate as the index. Result The optimized formulation contained 9% HPMC, 15% lactose, 10% PVP, 10% microcrystalline cellulose. The ingredient of Garlic oil sustained-release tablet by this formulation was released slowly in 8 h. Conclusion The optimized formulation is rational and stable, the tablet could be released slowly.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the stability of garlic oil-hydropropyl-?-cyclodextrin(HP-?-CD)inclusion complex.METHODS:With diallyl trisulfide(DATS)as determination index,the water solution of garlic oil HP-?-CD in-clusion complexes,freeze-drying powders of inclusion complex and the garlic oil injections were respectively subjected to il-lumination,high temperature,dilution tests and accelerated tests,and long-term sample observation tests by gas chro-matography(GC).RESULTS:The content of DATS in freeze-drying powders of inclusion complex had a minimum reduc-tion among the three under conditions of illumination and high temperature.In the accelerated tests and long-term sample observation tests,almost all the determination indexes of freeze-drying powders remained unchanged and a good stability was noted.Within10h,all the different diluents showed no significant effects on the indexes of the inclusion complex.CON-CLUSIONS:As compared with garlic oil injections,the garlic oil inclusion complex had a higher stability,freeze-drying powders of inclusion complex showed the best stability,yet the storing of which still needed to be under a proper temperature and away from light.
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Objective:To find out the coefficients of garlic oil by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Methods: Cutting, squeezing fermentation and fermentation and ethanol extraction of garlic were respectively as pretreatments and then the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as an extraction and given garlic oil was analysed by means of IR. Result: Garlic oil can be directly extracted by SFE and its best operation condition was under the pressure of 15 MPa and at 40 ?C extractability of garlic oil was up to 44.57% . Conclusion: Fermentation and ethanol extraction method is a best one for garlic oil obtained.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish and a method for determination of allicin and the fingerprints of intravenous emulsion containing garlic oil. METHODS:GC method was applied to determine allicin in preparation and the fingerprints of intravenous emulsion containing garlic oil. The separation was performed on HP-5 (30 m?320 ?m?0.25 ?m) column with the flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1 and inlet temperature of 250 ℃. The column temperature was 60～220 ℃ and rose by temperature-programmed method with N2 as carrier gas. The temperature of FID detector was 300 ℃ with furan as internal standard. RESULTS: The linear ranges of allicin were 0.05～2.4 mg?mL-1(r=0.999 8). The average recovery were 102.5% (RSD=0.41%,n=9). There were 17 mutual peaks in the fingerprints of intravenous emulsion containing garlic oil. The RSD of intra-day relative retention time and relative peak area were less than 0.05% and 8% respectively. After preparation setting for 48 h at room temperature, the RSD of relative retention time and relative peak areas were less than 0.08% and 15% respectively. The RSD of them in the replicate test were less than 0.04% and 8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate, reliable, simple and available for quality control of intravenous emulsion containing garlic oil
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The effect of lipid lowering agents of plant origin garlic oil and guggulipid on the levels of catecholamine and dopamine ß-hydroxylase activity of normal and cholesterol fed rabbit tissues has been studied. The catecholamine levels and enzyme activity were found to be decreased in cholesterol (500 mg/kg body wt) fed animals. The feeding of garlic oil (5 mg/kg body wt) and guggulipid (100 mg/kg body wt) an exudate of Commiphora mukul, to normal rabbits caused significant increase in the dopamine-ß-hydroxylase activity and catecholamine levels, while the feed helped the hypercholesterolemic rabbits to recover the decrease in catecholamine biosynthesis.